Herniated Disc Treatment

A spinal disc herniation, commonly called a “slipped disc,” refers to a prolapse of inner disc material through the outer disc. Typically, this condition occurs when a tear in the tough, outermost layer of the disc (the annulus fibrosus) allows the soft, jellylike material within the disc (the nucleus pulposus) to bulge through the external wall of the disc.

As an individual grows older, intervertebral discs gradually lose their water content. This reduces their flexibility and capacity to absorb shock. Gradual loss of fluid may also predispose the discs to tears, which may cause disc herniations. Gradual, age-related deterioration of the spinal discs is called degenerative disc disease (DDD). Although DDD may occur anywhere in the spine, it commonly affects the low back and the neck, which are common sites of disc herniation.

Tears in the annulus fibrosus may cause severe pain due to release of inflammatory chemical mediators. Pain may also arise when these tears permit nerves on the periphery of the disc to grow into the disc and become painful. Disc herniation may also cause pain when bulging disc material compresses adjacent structures such as the spinal cord and nerve roots.

Most disc herniations heal by themselves within a few weeks. However, a range of interventions are recommended to individuals whose disc herniations are painful. In general, pain management in disc herniation relies initially on conservative care, with more invasive procedures reserved as a last resort.